lookiaim.blogg.se - Reason definition

4.1 Reason versus truth, and "first principles".

4 Traditional problems raised concerning reason.

3.4 Logical reasoning methods and argumentation.

3.3 Reason, imagination, mimesis, and memory.

3.2 Reason compared to cause-and-effect thinking, and symbolic thinking.

2.3 Subject-centred reason in early modern philosophy.

Animal psychology considers the question of whether animals other than humans can reason. The field of automated reasoning studies how reasoning may or may not be modeled computationally. which cognitive and neural processes are engaged, and how cultural factors affect the inferences that people draw. Psychologists and cognitive scientists have attempted to study and explain how people reason, e.g. For example, when evaluating a moral decision, "morality is, at the very least, the effort to guide one's conduct by reason-that is, doing what there are the best reasons for doing-while giving equal weight to the interests of all those affected by what one does." Using reason, or reasoning, can also be described more plainly as providing good, or the best, reasons. Reasons justify decisions, reasons support explanations of natural phenomena reasons can be given to explain the actions (conduct) of individuals.

In contrast to the use of "reason" as an abstract noun, a reason is a consideration given which either explains or justifies events, phenomena, or behavior.

Reasoning, as a part of executive decision making, is also closely identified with the ability to self-consciously change, in terms of goals, beliefs, attitudes, traditions, and institutions, and therefore with the capacity for freedom and self-determination. For example, reasoning is the means by which rational individuals understand sensory information from their environments, or conceptualize abstract dichotomies such as cause and effect, truth and falsehood, or ideas regarding notions of good or evil. Reasoning, like habit or intuition, is one of the ways by which thinking moves from one idea to a related idea. For example, in mathematics, intuition is often necessary for the creative processes involved with arriving at a formal proof, arguably the most difficult of formal reasoning tasks. In some social and political settings logical and intuitive modes of reasoning may clash, while in other contexts intuition and formal reason are seen as complementary rather than adversarial. Aristotle drew a distinction between logical discursive reasoning (reason proper), and intuitive reasoning, in which the reasoning process through intuition-however valid-may tend toward the personal and the subjectively opaque. Reasoning may be subdivided into forms of logical reasoning, such as: deductive reasoning, inductive reasoning, and abductive reasoning. The field of logic studies the ways in which humans can use formal reasoning to produce logically valid arguments. Reasoning is associated with the acts of thinking and cognition, and involves using one's intellect.

Reason is sometimes referred to as rationality. It is closely associated with such characteristically human activities as philosophy, science, language, mathematics, and art, and is normally considered to be a distinguishing ability possessed by humans.

Reason is the capacity of consciously applying logic by drawing conclusions from new or existing information, with the aim of seeking the truth.